Livingston Minerals and the furnace that skips the giant grid connection

Field notes

The proposed furnace divides the work between a gas-heated shaft for pre-reduction and a coke-bed furnace for final smelting, allowing the rising furnace gas to serve both stages. The page contrasts this arrangement with a 15–30 MVA submerged-arc installation and says detailed engineering indicates capital costs around one-third to one-half of the equivalent installation before grid works. It also identifies Malaysia and South Africa as company locations and describes four pilot campaigns.