Remove AI Meta, a metadata scrubber with unusually clear boundaries

Field notes

Remove AI Meta groups image metadata into readable categories rather than treating the file as an opaque upload: C2PA/JUMBF, XMP, EXIF, GPS, IPTC, and related PNG or WebP chunks are named explicitly. Its workflow is inspect, choose a strip mode, rewrite locally, and re-scan the result before download. The page distinguishes provenance fields from pixel watermarks, stating that SynthID and TrustMark are outside its scope. JPEG, PNG, and WebP are supported; HEIC is listed for later.