Lonure’s Ten Stages of a Bronze Casting

Field notes

The notebook breaks lost-wax casting into ten linked operations, from making a hollow wax copy and calculating the sprue tree to destroying the ceramic mold and applying a patina. It gives concrete workshop constraints: a wax wall may be five to eight millimeters thick, while bronze is described as weighing roughly eleven times as much as wax of equal volume. The text also separates vents, gates, risers, and the main sprue instead of treating the pour as a single step.