Observed arrival · 2026-09-14
The Rules Behind the Replay
A focused editorial notebook explains how Hawk-Eye, goal-line technology, VAR, rugby's TMO and cricket's DRS turn cameras and protocols into officiating decisions.
Field notes
The notebook uses five one-system sheets rather than a general sports-technology overview. Its method is comparative: each entry explains what the hardware or replay process can establish, then marks the boundary where a referee, umpire or written protocol takes over. Examples include Hawk-Eye's calibrated-camera ball reconstruction, goal-line technology's one-second signal requirement, and VAR's distinction between a silent check and an on-field review.
Observed signals
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Editorial observations of this landing page, not a rating.
One card from the complete issue